Explain the improvement of maternal-child nutrition and the prevention or management of shared risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory distress.

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Explain the improvement of maternal-child nutrition and the prevention or management of shared risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory distress.

Explain the improvement of maternal-child nutrition and the prevention or management of shared risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory distress.

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Explain the improvement of maternal-child nutrition and the prevention or management of shared risk factors for cardiovascular and respiratory distress?
Improved maternal and infant nutrition is achieved by hiring community workers and promoting health costs related to nutrition education. Nutritional education includes the importance of quality food as well as vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy and in childhood, promotion of breastfeeding in women after giving birth. Additionally, providing children vitamin A and zinc, as well as detecting acute malnutrition and making appropriate referrals is an important component in improving maternal-child nutrition. Treatment of severe nonchronic malnutrition should be organized by primary health centers and hospitals. Cardiovascular and respiratory disease as mentioned per Skolnik (2020) has been prevented and managed by increasing the physical activities in the schools, providing better nutrition, and prohibiting foods with fatty acids and trans fats. Interventions from public health include giving a dietary supplement to all women of fertility age and use of media to communicate and expand public knowledge about unhealthy foods. On the other hand, the fiscal interventions are to add taxes to beverages that have added sugar.

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How do the causes of death differ for neonates, infants, and young children?
Mortality has risen in the three different phases of children under 5 years old taking away the lives of more than 5

million minors. The younger the child, the larger the risk of dying, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.

According to Skolnik (2020), neonatal, (children age 0 to 28 days) mortality rate surpass 45% making this stage of life the

most dangerous. Infants, (children age 1 month to 11 months) takes second place in mortality and young children, (1 to 4

years old) third position. Overview of diseases that affect and cause death among young children according to The World

Bank Region are preterm birth complications and congenital defects. In low-income countries, unfortunately,

communicable diseases like malaria, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections are the lead causes of death in children

under 5 years old.

The causes of death in neonates include preterm birth and intrapartum complications, asphyxia, sepsis, and other

infections affecting newborns like acute respiratory infections. Similarly, the causes of death of infants and young children

include communicable diseases like pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria. Meningitis is one of the leading causes of death in

postneonatal phase.

What are the leading burdens of disease among adolescents and young adults globally?
Adolescents and young adult cohort the leading burden of disease includes depression, interpersonal violence,

suicide, and road traffic accidents. Nutrition issues like obesity and malnutrition affect this age range, as well as poor

hygiene and insufficient sanitation. Adolescent girls are affected by early pregnancy, which increases the risk of acquiring

HIV, especially in low-income countries. Substance abuse like tobacco, alcohol, and drug use are also considered risk

factors for death among this age group.

How do these burdens vary between sexes and low income and high-income countries?

In both sexes in high-income countries, most common cause of mortality is injuries sustained in car accidents. In

comparison, communicable diseases like HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, etc. are the primary causes of death in low-income

countries. Road injuries tend to be more prevalent in males of low-income countries, and are more frequent in young adults

generally, while self-harm and mental issues affect more the females in high-income countries as described by Skolnik

(2020).

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